Redox Disequilibrium in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study

Dhupper, Vasudha; Yadav, Umesh

doi:10.30485/ijsrdms.2026.584105.1706

Redox Disequilibrium in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Vasudha Dhupper ¹

Umesh Yadav ²

¹ Department of BIOCHEMISTRY, PGIMS

² House number 16/11J, Medical Campus, PGIMS Rohtak PGIMS

10.30485/ijsrdms.2026.584105.1706

Abstract

Background and aim: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a locally aggressive skeletal neoplasm with a high recurrence rate. Although oxidative stress is known to drive malignancy progression, its systemic impact in GCT remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the systemic oxidant-antioxidant balance in GCT patients and explored its association with local recurrence.
Material and methods: A prospective, longitudinal, comparative study evaluated 48 participants across three groups: Group I (24 healthy controls), Group II (20 GCT patients without recurrence), and Group III (4 GCT patients with local recurrence). Venous blood was sampled at initial diagnosis for all cohorts and, in Group III, at the time of recurrence. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity were measured via colorimetric and enzymatic methods, respectively.
Results: GCT patients (n = 24) demonstrated a significant disruption of systemic redox homeostasis compared with controls. Mean serum MDA levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05), whereas SOD activity was significantly depleted in the total GCT group relative to healthy individuals. Patients who developed local recurrence displayed the highest levels of lipid peroxidation and the lowest antioxidant defenses; however, these differences did not achieve statistical significance compared with the non-recurrence cohort.
Conclusions: GCT is characterized by marked systemic oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant capacity. The observed trend toward heightened redox disequilibrium in recurrent cases suggests a potential, non-definitive association with tumor aggressiveness. Given the lack of statistical significance in the small recurrence subgroup, larger prospective cohorts are necessary to validate the prognostic utility of these biomarkers.

Keywords

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Oxidative Stress

Redox Homeostasis

Malondialdehyde

Superoxide Dismutase

Subjects