http://www.ijsrdms.com/ International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences en daily 1 Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_232336.html Background and aim: Given the significance of the butterfly effect in premolars undergoing root canal treatment and their increased risk of vertical root fracture, it is important to investigate the impact of irrigation with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on premolar teeth with the butterfly effect.Material and methods: This experimental study evaluated 30 single-rooted premolar teeth with butterfly-shaped sclerotic dentin. The teeth with circular root sections were selected to ensure an equal mesiodistal-to-buccolingual width ratio. The roots were sectioned into coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Microhardness measurements were conducted on the buccal and mesial sides at four points within the middle third of each root. After specimen preparation, the samples were allocated into three groups: 0.9% normal saline (control), 2.5%, and 5% concentration of sodium hypochlorite (intervention). Microhardness was assessed before and after the intervention; data were recorded in the checklist, and statistical analysis was performed at the 0.05 significance level using SPSS 26.Results: The average microhardness of dentin with the butterfly effect in all groups, including 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite and physiological saline, was less than before treatment. Sodium hypochlorite at the two investigated concentrations had a significantly greater effect than physiological saline (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two concentrations (p>0.05).Conclusions: Sodium hypochlorite at both 2.5% and 5.25% concentrations reduces the microhardness of dentin with a butterfly effect. A 2.5% concentration is recommended to minimize potential side effects. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_240664.html Background and aim: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder associated with significant cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive consequences. Although Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) remains the gold standard treatment, poor patient adherence has led to increasing use of Oral Appliance Therapy (OAT) as a patient-friendly alternative. This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and patient adherence to oral appliance therapy for OSA and to identify clinical, behavioral, and system-related factors influencing therapeutic success. Material and methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among adult patients diagnosed with OSA who were undergoing oral appliance therapy using adjustable mandibular advancement devices. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and clinical records, covering demographic characteristics, diagnostic methods (PSG/HSAT), appliance type, titration protocols, follow-up frequency, side effects, adherence patterns, and interdisciplinary communication between dentists and sleep physicians. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used for data analysis. Results: Most participants were middle-aged males diagnosed using polysomnography or home sleep apnea testing. Regular clinician-guided titration, frequent follow-up visits, and structured collaboration between dentists and physicians were associated with higher adherence rates (6–7 nights per week) and improved clinical outcomes, including reductions in daytime sleepiness, snoring, and Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI). Patients who experienced unmanaged side effects or irregular follow-up demonstrated lower adherence and reduced treatment effectiveness. Administrative and insurance-related support facilitated timely therapy initiation and sustained use. Conclusions: Oral appliance therapy is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with mild to moderate OSA when supported by standardized titration protocols, objective adherence monitoring, regular follow-up, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Optimizing clinical workflows, patient education, and healthcare coordination can substantially improve treatment outcomes and long-term adherence in dental sleep medicine. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_232338.html Background and aim: Medicinal plants have recently become the focus of intense study for conservation, as documented pharmacological effects support their traditional uses. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of purified 36.3 kDa Coleus aromaticus leaves protein (CALP) using the Human Red Blood Cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. Purified 36.3kDa CALP is used for this study. Material and methods: The HRBC membrane stabilization method was employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of CALP. All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n=3). Results: The anti-inflammatory activity of the purified CALP was concentration-dependent; as the concentration increased, the percentage of protection also increased. The purified CALP shows a maximum anti-inflammatory activity of 65.93% (±3.12) at 500 μg/ml, which is slightly lower than that of the standard drug Diclofenac sodium [80.34% (±3.90)] at 200 μg/ml. The purified Coleus aromaticus leaves protein exhibits a membrane stabilization effect by inhibiting hypotonicity-induced lysis of erythrocyte membrane. Conclusions: This study concludes that the purified 36.6 kDa CALP exhibits a stronger membrane-stabilizing property than the standard drug Diclofenac sodium and thus has stronger anti-inflammatory activity. Proteins will continue to serve as a reservoir for the development of potent drugs with less severe and life-threatening adverse effects; however, these results need to be confirmed by in vivo anti-inflammatory studies. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_239065.html Background and aim: Obesity is considered a challenging problem in all age groups, especially in children and adolescents. In various epidemiological studies, high Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) have been identified as risk factors for many chronic diseases, including respiratory diseases. Among these, waist circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio are important parameters for identifying central obesity. Our aim is to determine the correlation between Peak Expiratory Flow Rate(PEFR) and anthropometric parameters, including height, weight, BMI, and Waist-Hip Ratio. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 medical students to assess the effects of height, weight, BMI, Waist circumference, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) on PEFR. All subjects were informed about the study, and a demonstration of the procedure was provided. Height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were recorded. WHR and BMI were calculated. BMI was derived using Quetlet’s index. PEFR was recorded using Wright’s peak flow meter. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS. Pearson correlation was used for data analysis. Results: The present study showed negative correlations between weight, BMI, waist circumference, and WHR and PEFR. The correlation between WHR and PEFR was not significant. It also showed a positive correlation between height and PEFR. Conclusions: Our study found that height, weight, BMI, and waist circumference affect PEFR values. Among those, increased adiposity, BMI, waist circumference, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio are associated with lower PEFR. PEFR values are higher in people with increased height. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_227043.html Background and aim: Plaque-related pathological conditions such as peri-implantitis (PI) affect the tissues surrounding dental implants and affect the survival of implants. Hence, treatment of PI is of great importance, but bacterial resistance has been observed with antibiotics. Hence, the use of nanoparticles has been proposed. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of metal nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles) in the treatment of peri-implantitis.Material and methods: The international databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using keywords aligned with the study objective up to July 2025. Two blinded, independent authors reviewed all articles. STATA/MP. v17 (College Station, Texas, USA) was used to perform the analyses.Results: In the present study, fifteen in vitro studies were included. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs in dental implants was 60% (ES: 0.60; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.67). The effectiveness of AgNPs for the treatment of peri-implantitis was 73% (ES: 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66, 0.81).Conclusions: The present study showed acceptable effectiveness of silver nanoparticles' antibacterial activity and reduction of inflammatory factors in the treatment of PI. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_240667.html Background and aim: Ridge preservation and guided bone regeneration (GBR) are paramount to predictable hard and soft tissue outcomes in implant dentistry, especially with the increasing use of biologics and digital diagnostics. The present study aimed to quantitatively assess clinical procedures, treatment outcomes, workflow productivity, and clinician satisfaction in relation to RP, GBR, the application of biologics, and AI-supported diagnostics. Material and methods: A structured questionnaire were used in a cross-sectional study involving 410 dental clinicians. The sample size was deemed sufficient using Cochran's formula. Information on ridge preservation protocols, GBR procedures, soft tissue augmentation, AI-assisted diagnostics, outcome measurements, composite documentation workflow, billing flow, and clinical efficiency and satisfaction was collected. Summary statistics were conducted, and findings were expressed in frequencies and percentages. Results: Clinicians reported high patient satisfaction after regenerative procedures, with predictable ridge-width maintenance and a measurable increase in keratinized tissue. Favorable results were attributed mainly to careful assessment of the defect, selection of an optimal graft and biologics, and attention to surgical details. However, difficulties remained in soft-tissue handling, the biological cost of musculocutaneous flaps and their availability, documentation adherence, and billing patterns. Conclusions: In this regard, effective prevention and treatment of contaminated wound environments could be improved by precise diagnostics, protocol standardization, and the sensible use of biologics, as well as by integrating AI tools to address workflow and cost conundrums, thereby improving clinical efficiency and predictability. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_230419.html Background and aim: After rapid maxillary expansion, there is evidence that nasal airflow resistance is reduced. In the developmental age, it is unclear how RME affects upper airway airflow characteristics. Therefore, the aim pf present study was to evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on upper airway airflow characteristics. Material and methods: The present systematic review and meta-analysis included three randomized clinical trials and sixteen cohort studies international databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, from January 1, 2015 to May 10, 2025, using keywords aligned with the study objective. Data extracted included numbers of participants, mean age, gender, Midpalatal suture maturation stage, nasal septum deviation, Intervention, and upper airway assessment. For each study that included, the mean value of airway pressure, nasal cavity volume, nasopharyngeal volume, and oropharyngeal volume was calculated between before and after rapid maxillary expansion. The statistical analysis was performed with Stata/MP.v17 as fixed effect models. Results: A significant reduction of airway pressure was found after RME (MD = -152.25; 95%CI -154.59 Pa to -149.92 Pa; p<0.001). there was a significant increase in nasal cavity volume after RME compared before RME (MD = 1.88; 95%CI 1.82 to 1.95; p<0.001), mean differences of oropharyngeal volume was 0.87 (MD = 0.87; 95%CI 0.75 to 0.99; p<0.001), and mean differences of nasopharyngeal volume was 0.80 (MD = 0.80; 95%CI 0.73 to 0.88; p<0.001). Conclusions: In children of growing age, rapid maxillary expansion can be an effective method on upper airway airflow characteristics. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_239067.html Background and aim: Incisional hernia is a known complication following abdominal surgery, particularly following obstetric and open gynaecological procedures. In settings where these procedures are prevalent, understanding risk factors and effective management strategies is crucial for improved patient care. This study aimed to provide a more precise characterization of risk factors and surgical outcomes in this population through a streamlined prospective analysis. Material and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital over 24 months, enrolling 61 consecutive patients presenting with incisional hernias resulting from obstetric or gynaecologic surgery. Data on demographics, index operation, hernia characteristics, operative details, and postoperative complications were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results: The most common index procedures were emergency procedures, with caesarean section accounting for 62% and abdominal hysterectomy accounting for 19.6%. The most common risk factor was wound infection, observed in 30 patients. Hernia defects measured 2-6cm. Sublay mesh repair was the most common surgical repair performed in 36 patients. Postoperative complications included seroma in 24 patients, wound infection in 17 patients, and chronic pain in 12 patients. Recurrence rate at 24 months was 0%. Conclusions: Incisional hernia after obstetric and gynecologic procedures remains a clinical challenge. Sublay mesh repair demonstrated favorable and durable outcomes, with no recurrence in this series. Preventive strategies focusing on infection control are critical for reducing the burden of this condition locally. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_232341.html Background and aim: The use of modern methods for root canal disinfection and the improvement of apical periodontitis are of great importance. Therefore, the present Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis was conducted to investigate the Healing of Apical Periodontitis after the Gentle Wave System versus Ultrasonic Activation with Negative Pressure Irrigation.Material and methods: The international databases PubMed/Scopus, MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched using keywords aligned with the study objective, up to August 2025. Two blinded, independent authors reviewed all articles. STATA/MP.v17 (College Station, Texas, USA) was used to perform the analyses.Results: Based on the findings of 12 included studies, healing rates for Gentle Wave System was 97% (ES: 97% 95% CI= 95%, 99%; p=0.51; I2=0); the healing rates for Ultrasonic Activation was 77% (ES: 77% 95% CI=75%, 79%; p=0.01; I2=62.88); the healing rates for Negative Pressure Irrigation. was 82% (ES: 82% 95% CI=79%, 85%; p=0.05; I2=60.79). There was a statistically significant difference in healing rates among the groups, with the Gentle Wave System performing significantly better than both Negative Pressure Irrigation and Ultrasonic Activation (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Based on the present meta-analysis, the Gentle Wave System was found to be more effective than Negative Pressure Irrigation and Ultrasonic Activation in improving apical periodontitis. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_239068.html Background and aim: Nebulized dexmedetomidine is a promising non-invasive technique of topical anesthesia as an adjunct to lignocaine for awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI). The aim of the study was to compare two different doses of dexmedetomidine with lignocaine nebulization for AFOI in patients undergoing elective surgery. Material and methods: Ninety-six adult patients of either sex aged 18 to 50 years belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status (PS) I or II for AFOI were enrolled and randomly allocated into three groups of 32 each. Patients received nebulization with either lignocaine alone (Group C) or lignocaine and dexmedetomidine (Groups D1 and D2) for 15 minutes. The severity of cough was the primary outcome, while intubation comfort score, post-intubation behavior assessment, patient satisfaction score, Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) score, hemodynamics and side effects were secondary outcomes. Results: The median cough scores were 2(1-2), 1(1-2) and 1(1-1); median intubation comfort scores were 1(1-2), 1(0-1) and 0(0-0); median post intubation behavior scores were 1(1-2), 1(0-1) and 0(0-0); median postoperative patient satisfaction scores were 2(1-2), 0(0-1) and 0(0-0); and median Ramsay sedation scores were 1(1-2), 2(2-3) and 3(2-3) in Group C, Group D1 and Group D2 respectively and the differences were statistically significant, (P<0.05). The difference in hemodynamic parameters was also statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Although both doses of nebulized dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg and 2 μg/kg) are safe and effective for AFOI, the nebulized dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) appears to be more effective for AFOI. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_232332.html High-grade pelvic serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common type of pelvic cancer among females. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is an established precursor of HGSC, albeit rare and underdiagnosed. Its incidence ranges from <0.01% to 3% in BRCA carriers or those with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer. A 32 32-year-old P2L2 female underwent bilateral tubectomy for family planning, with no known family history of cancer. Histopathological examination of the fallopian tube revealed unilateral STIC. Incidental STIC mandates prolonged follow-up. Diagnosing tubal precursor lesions (such as SCOUT, STIL, STIC) to HGSC is crucial in identifying at-risk patients. The SEE-FIM protocol, along with a low immunohistochemistry threshold, is recommended. Due to its rarity and challenging diagnostic criteria, a high degree of suspicion on the part of pathologists and adequate follow-up are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_238959.html Background and aim: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging due to its aggressive nature and limited targeted therapies. Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles have been proposed as a novel strategy to increase treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. The aim of this study was to conduct the first meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of these systems in in vitro and in-vivo TNBC models. Material and methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search of reputable scientific databases was conducted to identify studies published over the last 10 years, from January 2015 to September 2025. Eligible studies included those reporting quantitative data related to cell viability, IC50, and tumor volume reduction. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model (DerSimonian–Laird), and subgroup analyses were conducted by nanoparticle type and TNBC cell model. Results: A total of 8 eligible studies, including 15 datasets, were included in the meta-analysis. Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability (effect size = 0.44), with more pronounced effects observed in FZD7-targeted nanoparticles and the MDA-MB-231 cell line. IC50 analysis indicated that exosome-based nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles exhibited the lowest IC50 values, reflecting enhanced drug cytotoxicity. Additionally, in vivo data demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor volume (effect size = 0.44), particularly for FZD7-targeted nanoparticles and sol–gel doxorubicin nanoparticles. Conclusions: Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles significantly enhance TNBC treatment efficacy in vitro and in animal models, providing strong quantitative evidence for the development and clinical translation of these systems. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_232335.html Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that exhibits local aggressiveness. Around 80% cases occur in the mandible, out of which the majority of cases are seen in the mandibular ramus region. Ameloblastoma presents as a non-symptomatic lesion and may be detected during routine radiographic examination. However, the diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination. In our case series, we report three cases of Ameloblastoma: one in the maxilla and two in the mandible, of which one was in the ramus region and the other in the anterior region. All lesions were confirmed by histopathological examination with immunohistochemical staining. Histologically, Ameloblastoma has multiple microscopic variants. In our study, we found a follicular variant in the maxilla, a desmoplastic variant in the mandibular ramus, and a follicular and plexiform (mixed) pattern in the anterior mandible. In all three cases, there were varied clinical and radiographic findings. Thus, histopathological examination is a crucial confirmatory tool for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_233199.html Periodontitis leads to progressive destruction of periodontal structures, often necessitating regenerative interventions. Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF), combined with bone grafts to form "sticky bone", is emerging as a promising regenerative approach. Sticky bone was generated by preparing i-PRF through the centrifugation of 10 mL of autologous venous blood and mixing it with demineralized bone matrix (Osseograft) to obtain a moldable and cohesive graft complex. This fibrin matrix not only secured the graft particles but also provided a biologically active framework that facilitated cell migration, proliferation, and neovascularisation. Additionally, the gradual release of growth factors from i-PRF promotes enhanced angiogenesis, soft tissue repair, and bone regeneration. This case series reports on three patients with intrabony defects and furcation involvement who were treated using i-PRF-based sticky bone. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at follow-up visits. All cases demonstrated a significant reduction in probing depth, along with radiographic evidence of bone fill. Healing was uneventful, and results remained stable over time. Sticky bone is a promising, autologous biomaterial that supports effective and predictable periodontal regeneration. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_240715.html Kidney transplant surgery is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), offering superior survival and quality of life compared to dialysis. However, anatomical variations, such as multiple kidney arteries (MKA), increase surgical complexity and may increase the risk of vascular complications. This case series reports six live-donor kidney transplantations performed between October 2021 and February 2023 at a tertiary care center, in which donor grafts exhibited dual, triple, or early arterial branching. Surgical strategies were tailored to the arterial anatomy. pantaloon reconstruction was performed for closely spaced arteries, separate end-to-side anastomoses were performed for widely spaced vessels, and the inferior epigastric artery was used for distant polar branches when necessary. All grafts were implanted onto the external iliac vessels, and ureteroneocystostomy was completed using the modified Lich-Gregoir technique without stenting. All recipients (five males and one female; mean age 35.5 years) demonstrated immediate graft function with satisfactory urine output and progressive decline in serum creatinine levels. The mean serum creatinine at discharge was 1.16 mg/dL (range 0.72–1.6 mg/dL). No significant postoperative complications, including vascular thrombosis, urinary leak, delayed graft function, or acute rejection, were observed. Patients were discharged between postoperative days 5 and 8 (mean 6.5 days). These findings demonstrate that with meticulous bench reconstruction and tailored vascular techniques, kidneys with multiple arterial anatomy can be safely transplanted with excellent short-term outcomes. The inclusion of such grafts can effectively expand the donor pool without compromising recipient safety or graft function.