http://www.ijsrdms.com/ International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences en daily 1 Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_246641.html Background and aim: CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is the reference standard for assessing immune status and monitoring HIV progression, but its measurement is often unavailable in resource-limited settings. This study evaluated routine haematological parameters as potential surrogate markers for identifying severe immunosuppression in HIV-infected adults. Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 245 HIV-positive adults attending the ART Centre at Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital, Udaipur, India. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), haemoglobin (Hb), total leucocyte count (TLC), and platelet count were measured using an automated haematology analyser, while CD4 counts were determined by flow cytometry. Pearson’s correlation assessed associations between CD4 count and haematological parameters, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using a CD4 threshold of ≤200 cells/mm³. Results: The mean participant age was 40.06 ± 12.9 years, and 60.8% were male. Severe immunosuppression was identified in 42.1% of patients. ALC showed the strongest positive correlation with CD4 count (r=0.482, p<0.05) and demonstrated high specificity (86.6%) but modest sensitivity (43.7%) for detecting severe immunosuppression. Hb showed a weaker yet significant positive correlation with CD4 count (r=0.272, p=0.002), whereas platelet count and TLC were not significantly associated with CD4 levels. Conclusions: ALC is a simple, inexpensive, and readily available marker that may assist in identifying severe immunosuppression when CD4 testing is inaccessible. However, because of its limited sensitivity, it should complement rather than replace CD4 estimation. Hb may provide additional clinical information, whereas platelet count and TLC have limited utility as surrogate markers. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_246643.html Background and aim: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive skeletal neoplasm with a high risk of local recurrence. Although oxidative stress has been implicated in tumor progression, its systemic role in GCTB remains poorly understood. This study evaluated systemic oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with GCTB and investigated their potential association with local recurrence. Material and methods: In this prospective comparative study, 48 participants were enrolled, including 24 healthy controls, 20 patients with GCTB without recurrence, and 4 patients with local recurrence. Venous blood samples were collected at diagnosis from all participants and at the time of recurrence in recurrent cases. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured using standardized colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Results: Patients with GCTB showed significantly higher serum MDA levels and significantly lower SOD activity than healthy controls (p < 0.05), indicating disruption of systemic redox homeostasis. Recurrent cases demonstrated the highest MDA levels and the lowest SOD activity; however, differences between recurrent and non-recurrent patients were not statistically significant. Conclusions: GCTB is associated with increased systemic oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant capacity. Although recurrent tumors exhibited greater oxidative imbalance, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited number of recurrent cases. Larger prospective studies are required to determine whether oxidative stress biomarkers have prognostic value for predicting local recurrence in GCTB. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_250659.html Background and aim: Breast cancer comprises distinct molecular subtypes, Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), with varied biological behaviour and treatment response. This study aimed to correlate multimodality imaging features with molecular subtypes to improve non-invasive diagnostic accuracy. Material and methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 50 female patients with breast lumps. All underwent mammography, ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by histopathological and immunohistochemical classification. Imaging features including lesion shape, margins, calcifications, posterior acoustic characteristics, and enhancement patterns were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 51.56 ± 10.3 years, with the highest incidence in the 41–50-year group (34%). Luminal A was the most common subtype (30%), followed by Luminal B (28%). Mammographic calcifications were most frequent in HER2-enriched tumors (77.8%) and associated with this subtype (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 0.62–18.0, AUC: 0.63, sensitivity: 77.8%, specificity: 48.7%, p=0.162). Posterior acoustic enhancement strongly predicted TNBC (OR: 20.9, 95% CI: 10.5–415, AUC: 0.88, sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 100.0%, p<0.001). Circumscribed margins also predicted TNBC (OR: 18.75, 95% CI: 3.46–101.6, AUC: 0.86, sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 89.5%, p<0.001), while posterior acoustic shadowing was associated with Luminal A (OR: 5.33, 95% CI: 1.27–22.32, AUC: 0.69, sensitivity: 80.0%, specificity: 57.1%, p=0.035). Conclusion: Distinct multimodality imaging features were associated with specific breast cancer molecular subtypes and may support non-invasive preoperative subtype prediction and personalized treatment planning. However, the single-centre design and small sample require validation in larger prospective multicentre studies. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_246642.html Background and aim: Preeclampsia is a multisystem hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with considerable maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Platelet activation and increased platelet consumption are key features of its pathophysiology and may be reflected by alterations in platelet count and platelet indices. This study evaluated the clinical significance of platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in women with preeclampsia and their association with disease severity. Material and methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 100 pregnant women (50 normotensive controls and 50 with preeclampsia) were recruited from M.B. Government Hospital and R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur, India. Platelet parameters were measured using an automated haematology analyser. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and ROC curve analysis. Results: Women with preeclampsia had significantly lower platelet counts than controls, with a further decline as disease severity increased (p<0.001). MPV and PDW increased significantly with worsening disease severity (p=0.024 and p=0.001, respectively), whereas PCT showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.853). ROC analysis demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance for platelet count (AUC=0.75) and PDW (AUC=0.73), while MPV and PCT showed lower discriminatory value. Conclusions: Platelet count and PDW are inexpensive, readily available biomarkers that may assist in assessing preeclampsia severity. However, given their moderate diagnostic accuracy and the cross-sectional design of this study, they should be considered complementary to established diagnostic criteria. Larger prospective multicentre studies are needed to confirm these findings before routine clinical use. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_250660.html Hyperdontia is an orofacial anomaly caused by aberrations in the development and formation of enamel, dentin, and cementum. The presence of extra teeth identifies this anatomic deviation in addition to the normal twenty deciduous or thirty-two permanent teeth. Late-developing supernumerary teeth are supernumerary teeth that develop a few years later than the permanent teeth during adulthood. When left undiagnosed, such supernumerary teeth may affect the surrounding structures, causing ankylosis, delayed eruption, or deviation in the path of eruption, crowding, caries, and periodontal problems of the permanent teeth. Additionally, the presence of multiple, bilateral supernumerary teeth without any associated syndromes is rare. With this background, a study was conducted to screen patients visiting the outpatient dental department at a tertiary care center for multiple supernumerary teeth and identify any underlying syndromic conditions. Three non-syndromic individuals, one adult female and two adult males, were identified to have a rare presentation of bilateral distomolars and paramolars. One of them had an extremely rare presentation of four distomolars, one in each quadrant. A consented treatment plan was followed, with detailed history, clinical examination, and radiographic investigation. Despite having undergone prior dental treatment, all three individuals were unaware of the presence of these supernumerary teeth or their associated complications. This case series emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis, patient education, and timely intervention to prevent complications associated with supernumerary teeth. http://www.ijsrdms.com/article_246644.html Background and aim: Liver diseases include a broad spectrum of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions and remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing many hepatic disorders and plays a crucial role in patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics and histomorphological spectrum of hepatic lesions diagnosed over two years at a tertiary care centre.Materials and methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 110 liver biopsy and resection specimens examined in the Department of Pathology at Government Stanley Medical College over 2 years. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, with immunohistochemistry applied when required. Demographic data, specimen types, and histopathological findings were analyzed.Results: Of the 110 cases, 53 were biopsies, and 57 were resection specimens. Among biopsy specimens, 32% were non-neoplastic, and 68% were malignant. In resection specimens, 32% were non-neoplastic, 18% were benign neoplasms, and 51% were malignant. A marked male predominance was observed in both groups. Metastatic carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion in biopsy specimens, whereas hepatocellular carcinoma was the predominant malignant tumour in resection specimens. Hydatid cyst was the most frequent non-neoplastic lesion among resected specimens.Conclusions: Hepatic lesions exhibit a wide histopathological spectrum, with malignant neoplasms comprising the majority of cases. Histopathological evaluation remains essential for accurate diagnosis, appropriate clinical management, and early detection of serious liver diseases, thereby contributing significantly to improved patient outcomes.