Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200601Comparative Investigation of Academic Motivation and Academic Achievement among Dentistry, Pharmacy and Medicine Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences232810851610.30485/ijsrdms.2020.234515.1064ENAtefeh KhavidDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0001-5505-7571Mohammad Moslem ImaniDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-3982-5216Mostafa GodinyDepartment of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-8451-0483Mohsen MoradiStudents Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0003-4784-4115Journal Article20200308<strong>Background and aim:</strong> Academic motivation is among the essential factors influencing students' academic achievement. It has been shown that there is a relationship between learning and motivation, as previous knowledge of learners affects their motivation. Therefore, this study was conducted in 2019 to compare the academic motivation and academic achievement of students majoring in dentistry, pharmacy, and medicine at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran.<br /><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The present analytical study was conducted in the first semester of 2019/2020. The statistical population consisted of dental, medical, and pharmaceutical students (n=240) at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, who were randomly selected and participated in the study. Data were collected using a demographic information form and an academic motivation scale. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and SPSS version 25 software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There was a significant difference in the mean score of intrinsic motivation (to know) between dental, medical, and pharmaceutical students (P<0.05). There was also no significant difference in the mean score of extrinsic motivation (integrated regulation) between the students of the School of Dentistry, Medicine, and Pharmacy (P>0.05). In other words, strengthening academic motivation led to an increase in students' academic achievement. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement between dental and pharmaceutical students (P>0.05).<br /><br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Motivational factors play an essential role in academic performance, and since academic achievement in dental, medical, and pharmaceutical students is associated with community health, it is suggested that medical school officials and planners pay further attention to the components of motivation.Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200601Assessment of Therapeutic Indications of Surgical Navigation in Maxillofacial Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis293610606610.30485/ijsrdms.2020.218633.1038ENMarzieh JamaliSchool of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0001-8536-6447Javad JamaliSchool of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4519-8925Marzieh Ghasemi VojoodiSchool of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0003-0966-2759Hashem AhmadizadehSchool of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1542-2284Journal Article20200204<strong>Background and aim:</strong> Surgical navigation development and utilization in oral and maxilla-facial surgery quickly progressed in current years, and therapeutic indicators would be presented. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessment of therapeutic indications of surgical navigation in maxillofacial surgery.<br /><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, google scholar has been utilized as the electronic databases for performing systematic literature until 2010 to 2019. Therefore, Endnote X9, which is one of the software programs in the market, has been utilized to manage the titles electronically. Searches were performed with keywords, “Orthognathic surgery”, “reconstruction surgery”,” maxillofacial surgery”,” Computer Assisted OR Computer methods”, “navigation” “Maxillofacial Injuries”, “Osteotomy, maxillary”. The current systematic review has been conducted about the primary issue of the PRISMA Statement–Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Heterogeneity found (I2 = 80.3%; P=0.000) and meta-analysis indicated a risk ratio of 0.187 (95% CI: 0.16– 0.21) (figure2). Surgical navigation could be considered a useful surgical tool. In orthognathic surgery, Heterogeneity found (I2 = 72.3%; P=0.006) and meta-analysis suggested a risk ratio of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08–0.14). Finally, SN demonstrated to be a great tool to treat the diseases.<br /><br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study indicated SN could be a beneficial device for each intended indication.Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200601Evaluating Epidemiology, Symptoms, and Routes of COVID-19 for Dental Care: A Literature Review374110761310.30485/ijsrdms.2020.231680.1056ENAna Regina CasarotoDepartment of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Ingá University Center, Maringa, Brazil0000-0002-3851-4985Javad JamaliSchool of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4519-8925Fatemeh AminiSchool of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1695-9518Milad Talebzade ToranjiSchool of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6364-1206Gözde KayasökenDepartment of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey0000-0003-0968-7251Journal Article20200328COVID-19 has now been spread worldwide and has become a significant concern. Despite universal attempts for repressing this disease, it increasingly spreads due to the prevalence pattern of the infection. According to a new report made by the WHO situation report (May 16, 2020), 2019-nCoV has affected more than 454395 reported cases. A few facilities of dental care in influenced nations are closed or are merely giving negligible treatments for some emergency cases. The coronavirus (COVID-19) is found abundantly in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of the affected patient. It is also transmitted through respiratory particles and contact with the infected surface; that’s why dental jobs and dental professionals are more at risk. Therefore, the present study was an attempt was made to propose epidemiology symptoms and routes of COVID-19 for dental care for patient screening.Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200601Dental Care for Patients During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Literature Review424510783410.30485/ijsrdms.2020.232096.1058ENMonica Aponte MendezDepaerment of Implantology, School of Dentistry, San Sebastián University, Santiago, Chile0000-0001-6364-862XEjusmar Karolina Rivera MarvalDepartment of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Zulia, Zulia, Venezuela0000-0002-1424-4482Milad Talebzade ToranjiSchool of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6364-1206Fatemeh AminiSchool of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1695-9518Ana Regina CasarotoDepartment of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Ingá University Center, Maringa, Brazil0000-0002-3851-4985Journal Article20200323In the wake of the rising global prevalence of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there has been much concern over infection control in patients. Due to the characteristics of the dental job, the risk of cross-infection between patients and dental personnel increases. As a result, patients who need dental intervention should consider necessary and preventive care. Therefore, the aim of the present literature review was evaluation the Dental care for patients during the covid-19. It is recommended that patients be screened by phone or video calls as much as possible and that they be questioned about the symptoms of the COVID-19 together with their latest contacts with the COVID-19 cases or hospitalized patients or even regarding their travels to the hearts of the disease. Also, if possible, it is better to examine suspected or confirmed patients with the COVID-19 in airborne infection isolation (AIIRs) or negative-pressure rooms. In conclusion, the protocols presented in this study may be of great help for delivery of dental interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic.Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200601Evaluation Outcome of Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Treatment Plan Success and Failure: A Systematic Review465110805510.30485/ijsrdms.2020.233140.1061ENMonica Aponte MendezDepaerment of Implantology, School of Dentistry, San Sebastián University, Santiago, Chile0000-0001-6364-862XGözde KayasökenDepartment of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey0000-0003-0968-7251Bahareh Afjeh SoleymaniSchool of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran0000-0001-5138-3126Benjamin RavanbakhshSchool of Dentistry, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-5208-5251Journal Article20200402<strong>Background and aim:</strong> It is worth noting that cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can differentiate between success and failure of treatment plans. Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review was to fulfil an outcome evaluation of CBCT for treatment plan success and failure.<br /><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> For this purpose, the databases of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) were searched to perform a systematic review of the related literature on the subject matter published up to May 2020. To manage the study titles electronically, the EndNote x8 software was further utilized. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), this systematic review was accordingly completed. Two reviewers then assessed the quality of the selected studies using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> A total number of 354 relevant titles and abstracts were retrieved during the electronic searches into the subject-matter literature. Ultimately, six studies were in line with the inclusion criteria in this systematic review. As well, the sample size in all studies was found to be 388 cases, and CBCT had been exercised in each one. Moreover, the follow-up timing of CBCT scans was not the same in the selected studies.<br /><br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> CBCT can be useful in successful treatment, CBCT systems have highly efficient for reconstructing the 3D image of the cortical bone with a thickness of more than 1 mm vs less than 0.5 mm thickness.Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200617Prevalence of Malignancy and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis525810822910.30485/ijsrdms.2020.233746.1062ENSomaye JamaliDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4359-1667Cicilia MarcellaMedical Center of Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China0000-0003-0511-144XPallavi PrakashSchool of Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China0000-0002-3622-0246Azadeh MoradkhaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Bandarabbas University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran0000-0002-6872-3577Ehsan KasraeiDepartment of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran0000-0001-7739-3250Journal Article20200411<strong>Background and aim:</strong> Prevalence malignancy and COPD in the patients infected by COVID-19 has been considered to be of high importance for the health-care laborers. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the malignancy prevalence and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease amongst COVID-19 patients.<br /><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> Some electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ISI have been used to perform systematic literature in May 2020. Then, a software program (Endnote X8) has been utilized for managing the electronic titles. Two reviewers blind and independently extracted data from abstracts and full-text studies. Moreover, the prevalence of malignancies and COPD with 95% CI has been estimated via the inverse variance method and fix effect model of meta-analysis. Also, heterogeneity has been assessed with I2 and Chi-square. Consequently, forest plots and Funnel plot have been evaluated with the use of a software program (i.e., Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Stata V16).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 167 potentially relevant titles and abstracts have been found during the electronic and manual search. Finally, ten studies have been included. Prevalence of Malignancy equalled 1.56%, effect size has been (ES 2.04 95% CI -61.03, 65.11. P= 0.95) among the six studies and the total number of patients has been 1595 (915 men, 680 female) with the age range of 20-68 years. No statistically significant difference has been found between studies (p=1.00).<br /><br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It has been found that malignancy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most pervasive underlying diseases in patients with COVID-19.Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200610A Rare Pleomorphic Adenoma in an Uncommon Area: A Case Report596210784010.30485/ijsrdms.2020.224308.1045ENNicolas SolanoOral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela0000-0002-6054-0362Jondalys LopezOral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela0000-0001-7830-4141Bairon CastroSurgeon Oncologist, Head and Neck Unit, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela0000-0002-4530-0651Blanca AlvarezOral Surgeon, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela0000-0002-3272-2548Manuel LinaresOral Surgeon, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela0000-0002-8237-1811Journal Article20200324The Pleomorphic Adenoma is the most frequent benign tumor of the salivary glands. The cheeks, lips and gingiva are rare sites of appearance. The objective of this study is to report a case of a Pleomorphic Adenoma arising from the buccal mucosa. A 57-year-old female patient who presented with an increase in volume in the right facial region with one year of evolution, asymptomatic and without treatment. Physical examination revealed a nodular lesion of approximately 3 cm in diameter, located in the right cheek. MRI revealed a hyperintense image in STIR sequence. Excisional biopsy of the lesion was made under balanced general anesthesia, where extracapsular dissection of the tumor was performed, using a transoral approach. The histopathological study resulted in pleomorphic adenoma. Despite the low rate of recurrence of this neoplasm, short, medium and long term follow-ups are recommended.Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences2676-54972220200616Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue, the Importance of Early Diagnosis in Danger Zone: A Case Report636610834110.30485/ijsrdms.2020.224463.1046ENMaryam Jalili SadrabadOral Medicine Department, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical science, Semnan, Iran0000000249371676Samira BehradOral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran0000-0002-3178-7577Shabnam SohanianOral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran0000-0002-1941-5519Journal Article20200325Oral squamous cell carcinoma is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. The etiology of Oral cancer is multifactorial, and most of the cancer deaths can be prevented through lifestyle modifications, early detection and effective treatment. A 27-year-old man who referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Semnan Dental School complaining of redness on his tongue which has been emerged for eight months. Clinical and histopathological examinations have confirmed the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Since, the patient didn’t have any lymph node involvement, the Clinical stage of OSCC was considered as Stage I. He was treated by an Otorhinolaryngologist and on follow up session the patient declared a chief complaint of a swelling in the sublingual fold which was diagnosed as Ranula. Surgery despite improvements, several functional and aesthetic structures of the oral cavity still sacrifice during the surgical procedures of OSCC. Since the Oral cavity has essential anatomical landmarks and OSCC will bring some morbidity for the patients; therefore, surgical treatment should be carefully considered in the risky anatomical areas of the oral cavity, and it is recommended to be performed by maxillofacial surgeons who are more proficient in oral anatomical landmarks to do not impose any complicate for the patient.