Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences 2676-5497 1 4 2019 12 01 Awareness of Antibiotics and Analgesics Use In Marmara University Hospital 57 61 96530 10.30485/ijsrdms.2019.199805.1017 EN Muhammed Kağan Baş Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 0000-0003-4307-1389 Fatima Betul Basturk Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 0000-0002-5494-9209 Hesna SAZAK ÖVECOGLU Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 0000-0003-4709-422X Journal Article 2019 08 30 Background and aim: Inappropriate use of antibiotics and non-narcotic analgesics may lead to adverse side effects. This survey aimed to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of patients regarding the dental use of antibiotics and non-narcotic analgesics. Material and methods: The questionnaire which contained 20 questions was prepared based on similar surveys. The survey with a validated self-administered questionnaire carried out among patients administered to the Department of Endodontics of Marmara University. The questionnaires were given from and retrieved by the same operator. Patients' identities remained anonymous. The questionnaire included questions about accessibility, attitude toward usage, efficacy, side effects, resistance, and usage for dental issues. Results: Of all questionnaires distributed, 92.5% were deemed usable. The most frequently used self-medication was non-narcotic analgesics (33%), followed by antibiotics (15%). Of the respondents, 82% reported they knew about the correct time of antibiotic use; however, only 67% of them followed that. Most of the respondents (52%) reported quitting the antibiotic use when they believed they were better. The most frequent reasons for antibiotic use were to relieve dental pain (35%), and after root canal treatment (38%). In case of swelling, 31% reported they should take a course of antibiotics before a dental visit. Conclusion: This survey revealed the misuse of antibiotics and non-narcotic analgesics associated with many misconceptions and inadequate knowledge. Also, the necessity of antibiotics and non-narcotic analgesics to treat dental disease and after dental procedures were unclear for the respondents.

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Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences 2676-5497 1 4 2019 12 01 Comparison of the Effect of Iranian Toothpaste Containing Propolis with a Common Toothpaste on Plaque Index 62 68 96535 10.30485/ijsrdms.2019.199956.1019 EN Pegah Shayestemehr School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 0000-0001-8334-1342 Porousha Mahjoub Department of Pediatrics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 0000-0002-0859-323X Masoumeh Nikkhah Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 0000-0003-0745-2344 Journal Article 2019 08 31 Background and aim: Dental plaque is the main etiological factor in the development of dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal diseases. Antimicrobial agents in toothpaste can play an essential role in controlling and reducing microbial plaque. Herbex herbal toothpaste is the only Iranian toothpaste containing Propolis. This study aimed to compare the effect of this toothpaste with an ordinary toothpaste on the plaque index. Material and methods: This double-blind cross-sectional clinical trial was performed on 46 dental students. The subjects were divided randomly into two groups of 23 individuals. Group 1 received treatment A or Herbex toothpaste (Iran) in the first period and treatment B or Crest anticavity regular toothpaste (Germany) in the second period. The primary and secondary plaque index was measured and compared using the O'leary index by the mean of disclosing tablets. To analyze the data, an independent T-test and Paired T-test used. Results: Considering the data analysis, the mean difference between the primary and secondary plaque index in Herbex toothpaste was -6.813±5.749. In the Crest toothpaste, it was -7.341± 9.340 that was statistically significant in both types of toothpaste (P > 0.05). A comparison of two toothpaste types in terms of reducing the plaque index did not show a significant difference (P = 0.714). Conclusion: Both types of toothpaste in the present study reduced the plaque index. There was no significant difference in terms of this reduction among the toothpaste containing Propolis and regular toothpaste.

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Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences 2676-5497 1 4 2019 12 01 Survey Based Research on Awareness and Knowledge of Patients Who Visit Marmara University Hospital 69 71 96561 10.30485/ijsrdms.2019.199715.1016 EN PELİN Andac KARABULUT Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey Fatima Betul Basturk Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 0000-0002-5494-9209 Üyesi DİLEK TÜRKAYDIN Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 0000-0002-4185-2643 Hesna SAZAK OVECOGLU Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 0000-0003-4709-422X Journal Article 2019 08 29 Background and aim: This survey presents an analysis of patients’ expectations, concerns, and perceptions about endodontic treatment. Material and Methods: The questionnaire containing 15 questions was prepared based on similar survey-based research. Patients who participated in this survey were older than 18 years old. The questionnaires were given from and retrieved by the same operator. Overall attendance in the study was 100 patients. Patients' identities remained anonymous. Results: Participants were 61% women and 39% men. The patients over the age of 40 were 47%, from 25 to 40 were 28%, and from 18 to 25 were 25%. Patients who had root canal treatment before was 69%. Of these, 65% said they had a good experience. Forty-four percent of patients who previously had an endodontic treatment had a painful experience. Patients who think root canal treatment is necessary for spontaneous pain is 42%. Patients who have pain prefer to see the dentist in the first place, are 78%, and 72% prefer endodontic treatment to extract the tooth. Patients who prefer an Endodontist to get their treatment are 48%. Overall, 71% of patients choose university dental hospitals for endodontic procedures. Conclusion: Endodontists should inform patients to understand the importance of endodontics. Patients’ awareness should have increased.

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Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences 2676-5497 1 4 2019 12 01 The Frequency of Bacterial Colonization in Burn Wounds and Antibiogram pattern in Patients Hospitalized in the I.C.U of Velayat Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center in Rasht City 72 79 96562 10.30485/ijsrdms.2019.203083.1021 EN Mahin Safari Kakroudi School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 0000-0002-8134-9524 Siamak Rimaz Anesthesiology Research Center, Velayat University Hosbital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 0000-0002-5268-5297 Zahra Atrkar Roshan Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 0000-0001-8687-1242 Mohammadreza Mobayen Department of General Surgery, Velayat University Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 0000-0002-7397-1591 Journal Article 2019 09 27 Background and aim: Bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance of their etiologic agents are among the most critical challenges facing the burn units. Updated information of bacterial agents causing infection and their resistance patterns has an essential role in the control and empirical treatment of burn infections. This study aims to determine the frequency of bacterial colonization in burn wounds. Material and methods: The research designed as a descriptive-cross sectional study. Of two years, 84 patients hospitalized in a burn center in Rasht from September 2013 - September 2015 have examined. To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates disc diffusion method or Kirby - Bauer were used. For this, we used common antibiotics in the treatment of burn infections, all of which were made by Haymdya Company. Data were analyzed using SPSS Ver16. Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.72 ± 21.06 years. In this study, 64.3% and 35.7% of patients were male and female. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (68.6%) was the most common microorganisms that cause infection and then was placed Klibsella (15.7%) and Proteus (10.7%). Most antibiotic resistance was Sulfamethoxazole, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Cefalexine; on the other hand, most antibiotic sensitivities include Ciprofloxacin, Piperacillin, and Tetracycline. Conclusion: The results showed that bacteria such as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Klebsiella, and Proteus bacteria are common in the Velayat burn center. The main problem is the proper use of diagnostic techniques and drug therapies, especially antibiotics, may also reduce the risk of nosocomial infection.

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Tehran: International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences International Journal of Scientific Research in Dental and Medical Sciences 2676-5497 1 4 2019 12 01 The Effect of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation in Comparison with other Techniques on Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Root Canals: A Systematic Review 80 83 97065 10.30485/ijsrdms.2019.192766.1009 EN Samira Jamali *Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710004, China 0000-0003-3803-1235 Fatima Betul Basturk Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey 0000-0002-5494-9209 Maneesha Das Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Pharatiya, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India 0000-0002-7850-1951 Rayane De Oliveira Pinto Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil 0000-0002-3966-9727 Journal Article 2019 07 04 Background and aim: Residues may remain in canal extensions and irregularities after removing the medication from root canals with a file. These residues can only have removed with irrigation. The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of various irrigation methods on eliminating calcium hydroxide from root canals. Material and methods: A preliminary analysis included 225 articles. Two reviewers investigated all the available abstracts and titles and determined whether they were associated with the cleaning effectiveness of a variety of irrigation systems in removing calcium hydroxide. The conducted search involved the years between 2013-18. Results: The studies investigated lacked standardization concerning the irrigation method used or the measurement of outcomes; for instance, the volume or the concentration of the irrigation solution. Conclusion: Although none of the methods examined could eliminate the calcium hydroxide dressing, activation methods resulted in better calcium hydroxide dressing removal compared to using a master apical file or syringe irrigation only.

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